recall and apply the relationship:

average speed (m/s) = distance (m) ÷ time (s)

recall typical speeds encountered in everyday experience for wind, and sound, and for walking, running, cycling and other transportation systems

a) make measurements of distances and times, and calculate speeds

b) describe how to use appropriate apparatus and techniques to investigate the speed of a trolley down a ramp
PAG3

make calculations using ratios and proportional reasoning to convert units, to include between m/s and km/h

explain the vector–scalar distinction as it applies to displacement and distance, velocity and speed

a) recall and apply the relationship:

acceleration (m/s²) = change in speed (m/s) ÷ time taken (s)

b) explain how to use appropriate apparatus and techniques to investigate acceleration
PAG3

select and apply the relationship:

(final speed (m/s))² – (initial speed(m/s))² = 2 × acceleration (m/s²) × distance (m)

draw and use graphs of distances and speeds against time to determine the speeds and accelerations involved

interpret distance–time and velocity–time graphs, including relating the lines and slopes in such graphs to the motion represented

interpret enclosed areas in velocity-time graphs

recall the value of acceleration in free fall and calculate the magnitudes of everyday accelerations using suitable estimates of speeds and times