understand that an electric field (force field) is defined as a region where a charged particle experiences a force

understand that electric field strength is defined as \(E = \dfrac{F}{Q}\) and be able to use this equation

be able to use the equation \(F = \dfrac{Q_1Q_2}{4πε_0r^2}\) for the force between two charges

be able to use the equation \(E = \dfrac{Q}{4πε_0r^2}\) for the electric field due to a point charge

know and understand the relation between electric field and electric potential

be able to use the equation \(E = \dfrac{V}{d}\) for an electric field between parallel plates

be able to use \(V = \dfrac{Q}{4πε_0r}\) for a radial field

be able to draw and interpret diagrams using field lines and equipotentials to describe radial and uniform electric fields

understand that capacitance is defined as \(C = \dfrac{Q}{V}\) and be able to use this equation

be able to use the equation \(W = \dfrac{1}{2}QV\) for the energy stored by a capacitor, be able to derive the equation from the area under a graph of potential difference against charge stored and be able to derive and use the equations
\(W = \dfrac{1}{2}CV^2 \) and \(W = \dfrac{\frac{1}{2}Q^2}{C} \)

be able to draw and interpret charge and discharge curves for resistor capacitor circuits and understand the significance of the time constant RC

CORE PRACTICAL 11: Use an oscilloscope or data logger to display and analyse the potential difference (p.d.) across a capacitor as it charges and discharges through a resistor.

be able to use the equation \(Q = Q_0e^{-t/RC}\) and derive and use related equations for exponential discharge in a resistor-capacitor circuit,
\(I = I_0e^{-t/RC}\), and \(V = V_0e^{-t/RC}\) and the corresponding log equations
\(\ln{Q} = \ln{Q_0} - \dfrac{t}{RC}\), \(\ln{I} = \ln{I_0} - \dfrac{t}{RC}\) and \(\ln{V} = \ln{V_0} - \dfrac{t}{RC}\)

understand and use the terms magnetic flux density B, flux φ and flux linkage Nφ

be able to use the equation \(F = Bqv\sin{θ}\) and apply Fleming’s left-hand rule to charged particles moving in a magnetic field

be able to use the equation \(F = BIl\sin{θ}\) and apply Fleming’s left-hand rule to current carrying conductors in a magnetic field

understand the factors affecting the e.m.f. induced in a coil when there is relative motion between the coil and a permanent magnet

understand the factors affecting the e.m.f. induced in a coil when there is achange of current in another coil linked with this coil

understand how to use Lenz’s law to predict the direction of an induced e.m.f., and how the prediction relates to energy conservation

understand how to use Faraday’s law to determine the magnitude of an induced e.m.f. and be able to use the equation that combines Faraday’s and Lenz's laws
\(ℰ = \dfrac{-d(Nφ)}{dt}\)

understand what is meant by the terms frequency, period, peak value and root-mean-square value when applied to alternating currents and potential differences

be able to use the equations \(V_{rms} = \dfrac{V_0}{\sqrt{2}}\) and \(I_{rms} = \dfrac{I_0}{\sqrt{2}}\)