be able to use data from mass spectra to:

i) suggest possible structures of a simple organic compound given relative molecular masses, accurate to four decimal places
ii) calculate the accurate relative molecular mass of a compound, given relative atomic masses to four decimal places, and therefore identify a compound

understand that ¹³C NMR spectroscopy provides information about the positions of ¹³C atoms in a molecule

be able to use data from ¹³C NMR spectroscopy to:

i) predict the different environments for carbon atoms present in a molecule, given values of chemical shift, δ
ii) justify the number of peaks present in a ¹³C NMR spectrum because of carbon atoms in different environments

understand that high resolution proton NMR provides information about the positions of ¹H atoms in a molecule

be able to use data from high resolution ¹H NMR spectroscopy to:

i) predict the different types of proton present in a molecule, given values of chemical shift, δ
ii) relate relative peak areas, or ratio numbers of protons, to the relative numbers of ¹H atoms in different environments
iii) deduce the splitting patterns of adjacent, non-equivalent protons using the (n+1) rule and hence suggest the possible structures for a molecule
iv) predict the chemical shifts and splitting patterns of the ¹H atoms in a given molecule

know that chromatography separates components of a mixture between a mobile phase and a stationary phase

be able to calculate R_f values from one-way chromatograms

know that high performance liquid chromatography, HPLC, and gas chromatography, GC:

i) are types of column chromatography
ii) separate substances because of different retention times in the column
iii) may be used in conjunction with mass spectrometry, in applications such asforensics or drugs testing in sport