Osmoregulation as control of the water potential of the blood.

The roles of the hypothalamus, posterior pituitary and antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in osmoregulation.

The structure of the nephron and its role in:

- the formation of glomerular filtrate
- reabsorption of glucose and water by the proximal convoluted tubule
- maintaining a gradient of sodium ions in the medulla by the loop of Henle
- reabsorption of water by the distal convoluted tubule and collecting ducts.