#6.4.2.1
The factors that influence blood glucose concentration.
#6.4.2.2
The role of the liver in glycogenesis, glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis.
#6.4.2.3
The action of insulin by:
- attaching to receptors on the surfaces of target cells
- controlling the uptake of glucose by regulating the inclusion of channel proteins in the surface membranes of target cells
- activating enzymes involved in the conversion of glucose to glycogen.
#6.4.2.4
The action of glucagon by:
- attaching to receptors on the surfaces of target cells
- activating enzymes involved in the conversion of glycogen to glucose
- activating enzymes involved in the conversion of glycerol and amino acids into glucose.
#6.4.2.5
The role of adrenaline by:
- attaching to receptors on the surfaces of target cells
- activating enzymes involved in the conversion of glycogen to glucose.
#6.4.2.6
The second messenger model of adrenaline and glucagon action, involving adenylate cyclase, cyclic AMP (cAMP) and protein kinase.
#6.4.2.7
The causes of types I and II diabetes and their control by insulin and/or manipulation of the diet.
#6.4.2.8
Students should be able to evaluate the positions of health advisers and the food industry in relation to the increased incidence of type II diabetes.
#6.4.2P11
Required practical 11
Production of a dilution series of a glucose solution and use of colorimetric techniques to produce a calibration curve with which to identify the concentration of glucose in an unknown ‘urine’ sample.