understand how organisms are able to respond to changes in their environment
understand how organisms are able to respond to changes in their environment
understand that homeostasis is the maintenance of a constant internal environment,and that body water content and body temperature are both examples of homeostasis
understand that a co-ordinated response requires a stimulus, a receptor and an effector
understand that plants respond to stimuli
describe the geotropic and phototropic responses of roots and stems
understand the role of auxin in the phototropic response of stems
describe how nervous and hormonal communication control responses and understand the differences between the two systems
understand that the central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord and is linked to sense organs by nerves
understand that stimulation of receptors in the sense organs sends electrical impulses along nerves into and out of the central nervous system, resulting in rapid responses
understand the role of neurotransmitters at synapses
describe the structure and functioning of a simple reflex arc illustrated by the withdrawal of a finger from a hot object
describe the structure and function of the eye as a receptor
understand the function of the eye in focusing on near and distant objects, and in responding to changes in light intensity
describe the role of the skin in temperature regulation, with reference to sweating, vasoconstriction and vasodilation
understand the sources, roles and effects of the following hormones: adrenaline, insulin, testosterone, progesterone and oestrogen
understand the sources, roles and effects of the following hormones: ADH, FSH and LH