Recall the formulae of molecules of the alcohols, methanol, ethanol, propanol (propan-1-ol only) and butanol (butan-1-ol only), and draw the structures of these molecules, showing all covalent bonds

Recall that the functional group in alcohols is –OH and that alcohols can be dehydrated to form alkenes

Core Practical: Investigate the temperature rise produced in a known mass of water by the combustion of the alcohols ethanol, propanol, butanol and pentanol

Recall the formulae of molecules of the carboxylic acids, methanoic, ethanoic, propanoic and butanoic acids, and draw the structures of these molecules, showing all covalent bonds

Recall that the functional group in carboxylic acids is –COOHand that solutions of carboxylic acids have typical acidic properties

Recall that ethanol can be oxidised to produce ethanoic acid and extend this to other alcohols (reagents not required)

Recall members of a given homologous series have similar reactions because their molecules contain the same functional group and use this to predict the products of other members of these series

Describe the production of ethanol by fermentation of carbohydrates in aqueous solution, using yeast to provide enzymes

Explain how to obtain a concentrated solution of ethanol by fractional distillation of the fermentation mixture