describe and explain examples of applications of science that have made significant positive differences to people’s lives

identify examples of risks that have arisen from a new scientific or technological advance

for a given situation:

a) identify risks and benefits to the different individuals and groups involved

b) discuss a course of action, taking account of who benefits and who takes the risks

c) suggest reasons for people’s willingness to accept the risk

d) distinguish between perceived and calculated risk

suggest reasons why different decisions on the same issue might be appropriate in view of differences in personal, social, or economic or environmental context, and be able to make decisions based on the evaluation of evidence and arguments

distinguish questions that could in principle be answered using a scientific approach, from those that could not; where an ethical issue is involved clearly state what the issue is and summarise the different views that may be held

explain why scientists should communicate their work to a range of audiences