in given contexts use scientific theories and tentative explanations to develop and justify hypotheses and predictions

suggest appropriate apparatus, materials and techniques, justifying the choice with reference to the precision, accuracy and validity of the data that will be collected

recognise the importance of scientific quantities and understand how they are determined

identify factors that need to be controlled, and the ways in which they could be controlled

suggest an appropriate sample size and/or range of values to be measured and justify the suggestion

plan experiments or devise procedures by constructing clear and logically sequenced strategies to:

- make observations
- produce or characterise a substance
- test hypotheses
- collect and check data
- explore phenomena

identify hazards associated with the data collection and suggest ways of minimising the risk

use appropriate scientific vocabulary, terminology and definitions to communicate the rationale for an investigation and the methods used using diagrammatic, graphical, numerical and symbolic forms