a) define density

b) describe how to determine the densities of solid and liquid objects using measurements of length, mass and volume
PAG1

recall and apply the relationship between density, mass and volume to changes where mass is conserved:

density (kg/m³) = mass (kg) ÷ volume (m³)

describe the energy transfers involved when a system is changed by heating (in terms of temperature change and specific heat capacity)

define the term specific heat capacity and distinguish between it and the term specific latent heat

a) select and apply the relationship between change in internal energy of a material and its mass, specific heat capacity and temperature:

change in internal energy (J) = mass (kg) × specific heat capacity (J/kg°C) × change in temperature (°C)

b) explain how to safely use apparatus to determine the specific heat capacity of materials
PAG5

select and apply the relationship between energy needed to cause a change in state, specific latent heat and mass:

energy to cause a change of state (J) = mass (kg) × specific latent heat (J/kg)

describe all the changes involved in the way energy is stored when a system changes, and the temperature rises, for example: a moving object hitting an obstacle, an object slowing down, water brought to a boil in an electric kettle

make calculations of the energy transfers associated with changes in a system when the temperature changes, recalling or selecting the relevant equations for mechanical, electrical, and thermal processes