relate the potential difference between two points in the circuit to the work done on, or by, a given amount of charge as it moves between these points:

potential difference (V) = work done (energy transferred) (J) ÷ charge (C)

a) describe the difference between series and parallel circuits: to include ideas about how the current through each component and the potential difference across each component is affected by a change in resistance of a component

b) describe how to practically investigate the brightness of bulbs in series and parallel circuits. Be able to draw circuit diagrams for the circuits used
PAG7

explain, why, if two resistors are in series the net resistance is increased, whereas with two in parallel the net resistance is decreased
qualitative only

solve problems for circuits which include resistors in series, using the concept of equivalent resistance

explain the design and use of d.c. series circuits for measurement and testing purposes including exploring the effect of:

a) changing current in filament lamps, diodes, thermistors and LDRs
b) changing light intensity on an LDR
c) changing temperature of a thermistor (NTC only)