GCSE Chemistry Specification

OCR B J258

Section C3.4: Why is crude oil important as a source of new materials?

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#C3.4.1

recall that crude oil is a main source of hydrocarbons and is a feedstock for the petrochemical industry

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#C3.4.2

explain how modern life is crucially dependent upon hydrocarbons and recognise that crude oil is a finite resource

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#C3.4.3

describe and explain the separation of crude oil by fractional distillation
PAG3

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#C3.4.4

describe the fractions of crude oil as largely a mixture of compounds of formula CnH2n+2 which are members of the alkane homologous series

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#C3.4.5

use ideas about energy transfers and the relative strength of chemical bonds and intermolecular forces to explain the different temperatures at which changes of state occur

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#C3.4.6

deduce the empirical formula of a compound from the relative numbers of atoms present or from a model or diagram and vice versa

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#C3.4.7

use arithmetic computation and ratio when determining empirical formulae

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#C3.4.8

describe the arrangement of chemical bonds in simple molecules

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#C3.4.9

explain covalent bonding in terms of the sharing of electrons

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#C3.4.10

construct dot and cross diagrams for simple covalent substances

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#C3.4.11

represent three dimensional shapes in two dimensions and vice versa when looking at chemical structures for simple molecules

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#C3.4.12

describe the limitations of dot and cross diagrams, ball and stick models and two and three dimensional representations when used to represent simple molecules

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#C3.4.13

translate information between diagrammatic and numerical forms

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#C3.4.14

explain how the bulk properties of simple molecules are related to the covalent bonds they contain and their bond strengths in relation to intermolecular forces

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#C3.4.15

describe the production of materials that are more useful by cracking

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#C3.4.16

recognise functional groups and identify members of the same homologous series

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#C3.4.17

name and draw the structural formulae, using fully displayed formulae, of the first four members of the straight chain alkanes and alkenes, alcohols and carboxylic acids

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#C3.4.18

predict the formulae and structures of products of reactions (combustion, addition across a double bond and oxidation of alcohols to carboxylic acids) of the first four and other given members of these homologous series

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#C3.4.19

recall that it is the generality of reactions of functional groups that determine the reactions of organic compounds

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