deduce an order of reactivity of metals based on experimental results including reactions with water, dilute acid and displacement reactions with other metals

explain how the reactivity of metals with water or dilute acids is related to the tendency of the metal to form its positive ion to include potassium, sodium, calcium, aluminium, magnesium, zinc, iron, lead, [hydrogen], copper, silver

use the names and symbols of common elements and compounds and the principle of conservation of mass to write formulae and balanced chemical equations and ionic equations

explain, using the position of carbon in the reactivity series, the principles of industrial processes used to extract metals, including the extraction of zinc

explain why electrolysis is used to extract some metals from their ores

evaluate alternative biological methods of metal extraction (bacterial and phytoextraction)