explain the use of medicines, including antibiotics, in the treatment of disease

calculate cross-sectional areas of bacterial cultures and of clear zones around antibiotic discs on agar jelly using \(πr^2\)
PAG7

evaluate some different treatments for cardiovascular disease, including lifestyle changes, medicines and surgery

describe the process of discovery and development of potential new medicines including preclinical and clinical testing

describe how monoclonal antibodies can be used to treat cancer

including:
- produce monoclonal antibodies specific to a cancer cell antigen
- inject the antibodies into the blood
- the antibodies bind to cancer cells, tagging them for attack by white blood cells
- the antibodies can also be attached to a radioactive or toxic substance to deliver it to cancer cells