recall that different substances may absorb, transmit, refract, or reflect electromagnetic waves in ways that vary with wavelength

explain how some effects are related to differences in the velocity of electromagnetic waves in different substances

use ray diagrams to illustrate reflection, refraction and the similarities and differences between convex and concave lenses (qualitative only)

how the behaviour of convex and concave lenses determine how they may be used, for example, to correct vision

construct two-dimensional ray diagrams to illustrate reflection and refraction (qualitative only – equations not needed)

explain how colour is related to differential absorption, transmission and reflection

specular reflection and scattering