explain that to stretch, bend or compress an object, more than one force has to be applied

applications to real life situations

describe the difference between elastic and plastic deformation (distortions) caused by stretching forces

describe the relationship between force and extension for a spring and other simple systems

graphical representation of the extension of a spring

describe the difference between linear and non-linear relationships between force and extension

calculate a spring constant in linear cases

calculate the work done in stretching

describe that all matter has a gravitational field that causes attraction, and the field strength is much greater for massive objects

define weight, describe how it is measured and describe the relationship between the weight of an object and the gravitational field strength, g

knowledge that the gravitational field strength is known as g and has a value of 10 N/kg at the earth’s surface

recall the acceleration in free fall

apply formulae relating force, mass and relevant physical constants, including gravitational field strength, g, to explore how changes in these are inter-related

describe examples in which forces cause rotation

location of pivot points and whether a resultant turning force will be in a clockwise or anticlockwise direction

define and calculate the moment of a force

application of the principle of moments for objects which are balanced

explain how levers and gears transmit the rotational effects of forces

an understanding of ratios and how this enables gears and levers to work as force multipliers

recall that the pressure in fluids (gases and liquids) causes a net force at right angles to any surface

use the relationship between the force, the pressure and the area in contact

an understanding of how simple hydraulic systems work