explain how the motion of the molecules in a gas is related both to its temperature and its pressure

application to closed systems only

explain the relationship between the temperature of a gas and its pressure at constant volume (qualitative only)

recall that gases can be compressed or expanded by pressure changes and that the pressure produces a net force at right angles to any surface

explain how increasing the volume in which a gas is contained, at constant temperature can lead to a decrease in pressure

behaviour regarding particle velocity and collisions

explain how doing work on a gas can increase its temperature

examples such as a bicycle pump

describe a simple model of the Earth’s atmosphere and of atmospheric pressure

an assumption of uniform density; knowledge of layers is not expected

explain why atmospheric pressure varies with height above the surface of the planet

describe the factors which influence floating and sinking

explain why pressure in a liquid varies with depth and density and how this leads to an upwards force on a partially submerged object

calculate the differences in pressure at different depths in a liquid

knowledge that g is the strength of the gravitational field and has a value of 10 N/kg near the Earth’s surface