#C6.1a
explain, using the position of carbon in the reactivity series, the principles of industrial processes used to extract metals, including extraction of a non-ferrous metal
the principles of using carbon to extract iron and other metals from their ores
#C6.1b
explain why and how electrolysis is used to extract some metals from their ores
#C6.1c
evaluate alternative biological methods of metal extraction
bacterial and phytoextraction
#C6.1d
explain the trade-off between rate of production of a desired product and position of equilibrium in some industrially important processes
the Haber process and Contact process
#C6.1e
interpret graphs of reaction conditions versus rate
#C6.1f
explain how the commercially used conditions for an industrial process are related to the availability and cost of raw materials and energy supplies, control of equilibrium position and rate
#C6.1g
explain the importance of the Haber process in agricultural production
#C6.1h
compare the industrial production of fertilisers with laboratory syntheses of the same products
#C6.1i
recall the importance of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compounds in agricultural production
#C6.1j
describe the industrial production of fertilisers as several integrated processes using a variety of raw materials
ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate
#C6.1k
describe the basic principles in carrying out a life-cycle assessment of a material or product
the use of resources and impact on the environment of all stages of a life-cycle assessment:
- making materials for a product from raw materials through to the process used to make the product
- the use of the product
- transport of the product
- the method used for its disposal at the end of its life
#C6.1l
interpret data from a life-cycle assessment of a material or product
#C6.1m
describe a process where a material or product is recycled for a different use, and explain why this is viable
#C6.1n
evaluate factors that affect decisions on recycling
#C6.1o
describe the composition of some important alloys in relation to their properties and uses
steel, brass, bronze, solder, duralumin
#C6.1p
describe the process of corrosion and the conditions which cause corrosion
iron and other metals
#C6.1q
explain how mitigation of corrosion is achieved by creating a physical barrier to oxygen and water and by sacrificial protection
#C6.1r
compare quantitatively the physical properties of glass and clay ceramics, polymers, composites and metals
#C6.1s
explain how the properties of materials are related to their uses and select appropriate materials given details of the usage required