explain how the concentration of a solution in mol/dm³ is related to the mass of the solute and the volume of the solution

describe the technique of titration

explain the relationship between the volume of a solution of known concentration of a substance and the volume or concentration of another substance that react completely together

titration calculations

describe the relationship between molar amounts of gases and their volumes and vice versa

calculate the volumes of gases involved in reactions using the molar gas volume at room temperature and pressure (assumed to be 24 dm³)

explain how the mass of a solute and the volume of the solution is related to the concentration of the solution

calculate the theoretical amount of a product from a given amount of reactant

calculate the percentage yield of a reaction product from the actual yield of a reaction

define the atom economy of a reaction

calculate the atom economy of a reaction to form a desired product from the balanced equation

explain why a particular reaction pathway is chosen to produce a specified product given appropriate data

data such as atom economy (if not calculated), yield, rate, equilibrium position and usefulness of by-products