explain how to carry out a field investigation into the distribution and abundance of organisms in a habitat and how to determine their numbers in a given area

sampling techniques (random and transects, capture-recapture), use of quadrats, pooters, nets, keys and scaling up methods

describe both positive and negative human interactions within ecosystems and explain their impact on biodiversity

the conservation of individual species and selected habitats and threats from land use and hunting

explain some of the benefits and challenges of maintaining local and global biodiversity

the difficulty in gaining agreements for and the monitoring of conservation schemes along with the benefits of ecotourism

evaluate the evidence for the impact of environmental changes on the distribution of organisms, with reference to water and atmospheric gases