the techniques and procedures used for the preparation and purification of organic solids involving use of a range of techniques (see also 4.2.3a) including:

(i) organic preparation
- use of Quickfit apparatus
- distillation and heating under reflux

(ii) purification of an organic solid
- filtration under reduced pressure
- recrystallisation
- measurement of melting points

PAG6

for an organic molecule containing several functional groups:

(i) identification of individual functional groups
(ii) prediction of properties and reactions

Learners will be expected to identify functional groups encountered in Module 6 (see also 4.2.3b).

multi-stage synthetic routes for preparing organic compounds.

Learners will be expected to be able to devise multi-stage synthetic routes by applying transformations between all functional groups studied throughout the specification.
Extra information may be provided on exam papers to extend the learner’s toolkit of organic reactions.