(i) the polarity of alcohols and an explanation, in terms of hydrogen bonding, of the water solubility and the relatively low volatility of alcohols compared with alkanes (see also 2.2.2l and 4.1.2c)

(ii) classification of alcohols into primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols

combustion of alcohols

oxidation of alcohols by an oxidising agent, e.g. Cr₂O₇^2–/H⁺ (i.e. K₂Cr₂O₇/H₂SO₄), including:

(i) the oxidation of primary alcohols to form aldehydes and carboxylic acids; the control of the oxidation product using different reaction conditions
PAG7
(ii) the oxidation of secondary alcohols to form ketones
(iii) the resistance to oxidation of tertiary alcohols

Equations should use [O] to represent the oxidising agent.

elimination of H₂O from alcohols in the presence of an acid catalyst (e.g. H₃PO₄ or H₂SO₄) and heat to form alkenes

Mechanism not required.

substitution with halide ions in the presence of acid (e.g. NaBr/H₂SO₄) to form haloalkanes.

Mechanism not required.