explain why heating a system will change the energy stored within the system and raise its temperature or produce changes of state

describe the changes that occur when a solid melts to form a liquid, and when a liquid evaporates or boils to form a gas

describe the arrangement and motion of particles in solids, liquids and gases

practical: obtain a temperature–time graph to show the constant temperature during a change of state

know that specific heat capacity is the energy required to change the temperature of an object by one degree Celsius per kilogram of mass(J/kg °C)

use the equation:

change in thermal energy = mass × specific heat capacity × change in temperature

\(ΔQ = m × c × ΔT\)

practical: investigate the specific heat capacity of materials including water and some solids