know that alcohols contain the functional group −OH

understand how to draw structural and displayed formulae for methanol, ethanol, propanol (propan-1-ol only) and butanol (butan-1-ol only), and name each compound

the names propanol and butanol are acceptable

know that ethanol can be oxidised by:

- burning in air or oxygen (complete combustion)
- reaction with oxygen in the air to form ethanoic acid (microbial oxidation)
- heating with potassium dichromate (VI) in dilute sulfuric acid to form ethanoic acid

know that ethanol can be manufactured by:

- reacting ethene with steam in the presence of a phosphoric acid catalyst at a temperature of about 300ºC and a pressure of about 60–70atm
- the fermentation of glucose, in the absence of air, at an optimum temperature of about 30ºC and using the enzymes in yeast

understand the reasons for fermentation, in the absence of air, and at an optimum temperature