#4.7
know that crude oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons
#4.8
describe how the industrial process of fractional distillation separates crude oil into fractions
#4.9
know the names and uses of the main fractions obtained from crude oil: refinery gases, gasoline, kerosene, diesel, fuel oil and bitumen
#4.10
know the trend in colour, boiling point and viscosity of the main fractions
#4.11
know that a fuel is a substance that, when burned, releases heat energy
#4.12
know the possible products of complete and incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons with oxygen in the air
#4.13
understand why carbon monoxide is poisonous, in terms of its effect on the capacity of blood to transport oxygen
references to haemoglobin are not required
#4.14
know that, in car engines, the temperature reached is high enough to allow nitrogen and oxygen from air to react, forming oxides of nitrogen
#4.15
explain how the combustion of some impurities in hydrocarbon fuels results in theformation of sulfur dioxide
#4.16
understand how sulfur dioxide and oxides of nitrogen contribute to acid rain
#4.17
describe how long-chain alkanes are converted to alkenes and shorter-chain alkanes by catalytic cracking (using silica or alumina as the catalyst and a temperature in the range of 600–700ºC)
#4.18
explain why cracking is necessary, in terms of the balance between supply and demand for different fractions