understand how to classify a substance as an element, compound or mixture

understand that a pure substance has a fixed melting and boiling point, but that a mixture may melt or boil over a range of temperatures

describe these experimental techniques for the separation of mixtures:

- simple distillation
- fractional distillation
- filtration
- crystallisation
- paper chromatography.

understand how a chromatogram provides information about the composition of a mixture

understand how to use the calculation of Rf values to identify the components of a mixture

practical: investigate paper chromatography using inks/food colourings