understand how restriction enzymes are used to cut DNA at specific sites and ligase enzymes are used to join pieces of DNA together

understand how plasmids and viruses can act as vectors, which take up pieces of DNA, and then insert this recombinant DNA into other cells

understand how large amounts of human insulin can be manufactured from genetically modified bacteria that are grown in a fermenter

understand how genetically modified plants can be used to improve food production

understand that the term transgenic means the transfer of genetic material from onespecies to a different species