#7.3i
Understand what is meant by a stem cell, including the differences between totipotent, pluripotent and multipotent stem cells.
#7.3ii
Understand that pluripotent stem cells from embryos provide opportunities to develop new medical advances although there are ethical considerations.
#7.3iii
Understand how epigenetic modifications can result in totipotent stem cells in the embryo developing into pluripotent cells in the blastocyst and finally into fully differentiated somatic cells.
#7.3iv
Understand how differentiated fibroblasts can be reprogrammed to form induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells) by the artificial introduction of named genes.
#7.3v
Understand why the use of iPS stem cells may be less problematic than the use of embryonic stem cells.