Understand that cell theory is a unifying concept that states that cells are a fundamental unit of structure, function and organisation in all living organisms.

Understand that in complex organisms, cells are organised into tissues, organs, and organ systems.

Know the ultrastructure of prokaryotic cells and the structure of organelles, including: nucleoid, plasmids, 70S ribosomes and cell wall.

Be able to distinguish between Gram positive and Gram negative bacterial cell walls and understand why each type reacts differently to some antibiotics.

Know the ultrastructure of eukaryotic cells and the functions of organelles, including: nucleus, nucleolus, 80S ribosomes, rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, centrioles, lysosomes, Golgi apparatus, cell wall, chloroplasts, vacuole and tonoplast.

Know how magnification and resolution can be achieved using light and electron microscopy.

Understand the importance of staining specimens in microscopy.