#13.4.1
Inverting amplifier configuration
Derivation of \(\dfrac{V_{out}}{V_{in}} = -\dfrac{R_f}{R_{in}} \) , calculations.
Meaning of virtual earth, virtual-earth analysis.
#13.4.2
Non-inverting amplifier configuration
\(\dfrac{V_{out}}{V_{in}} = 1 + \dfrac{R_f}{R_l} \)
Derivation is not required.
#13.4.3
Summing amplifier configuration
\(V_{out} = -R_f\bigg(\dfrac{V_1}{R_1} + \dfrac{V_2}{R_2} + \dfrac{V_3}{R_3} + ... \bigg) \)
Difference amplifier configuration.
Derivation is not required.
\(V_{out} = (V_+ - V_−)\dfrac{R_f}{R_l} \)
Derivation is not required.
#13.4.4
Real operational amplifiers
Limitations of real operational amplifiers.
Frequency response curve.
gain × bandwidth = constant for a given device.