A-Level Biology Specification

AQA 7402

Section 2.1.1: Structure of eukaryotic cells

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#2.1.1.1

The structure of eukaryotic cells, restricted to the structure and function of:

- cell-surface membrane
- nucleus (containing chromosomes, consisting of protein-bound, linear DNA, and one or more nucleoli)
- mitochondria
- chloroplasts (in plants and algae)
- Golgi apparatus and Golgi vesicles
- lysosomes (a type of Golgi vesicle that releases lysozymes)
- ribosomes
- rough endoplasmic reticulum and smooth endoplasmic reticulum
- cell wall (in plants, algae and fungi)
- cell vacuole (in plants).

#2.1.1.2

In complex multicellular organisms, eukaryotic cells become specialised for specific functions. Specialised cells are organised into tissues, tissues into organs and organs into systems.

#2.1.1.3

Students should be able to apply their knowledge of these features in explaining adaptations of eukaryotic cells.