#1.2.1
Monosaccharides are the monomers from which larger carbohydrates are made. Glucose, galactose and fructose are common monosaccharides.
#1.2.2
A condensation reaction between two monosaccharides forms a glycosidic bond.
#1.2.3
Disaccharides are formed by the condensation of two monosaccharides:
- maltose is a disaccharide formed by condensation of two glucose molecules
- sucrose is a disaccharide formed by condensation of a glucose molecule and a fructose molecule
- lactose is a disaccharide formed by condensation of a glucose molecule and a galactose molecule.
#1.2.4
Glucose has two isomers, α-glucose and β-glucose, with structures:
#1.2.5
Polysaccharides are formed by the condensation of many glucose units.
- Glycogen and starch are formed by the condensation of α-glucose.
- Cellulose is formed by the condensation of β-glucose.
#1.2.6
The basic structure and functions of glycogen, starch and cellulose. The relationship of structure to function of these substances in animal cells and plant cells.
#1.2.7
Biochemical tests using Benedict's solution for reducing sugars and non-reducing sugars and iodine/potassium iodide for starch.