#4.2.1a
the parts of the male and female urinogenital systems
To include the interpretation of diagrams, photomicrographs and electron micrographs.
#4.2.1b
(i) the histology of the ovaries and testes
To include the interpretation of diagrams, photomicrographs and electron micrographs.
(ii) observations of the histology of the ovaries and testes made using the light microscope
PAG1
#4.2.1c
the process of gametogenesis
To include oogenesis and spermatogenesis and relate these to mitosis and meiosis.
#4.2.1d
the structure of the secondary oocyte and sperm related to their functions
To include the interpretation of diagrams, photomicrographs and electron micrographs.
#4.2.1e
the role of hormones in gametogenesis
To include spermatogenesis: FSH, GnRH, LH, testosterone and inhibin AND oogenesis: FSH, LH, progesterone, oestrogen and GnRH.
#4.2.1f
the role of hormones in the regulation of the menstrual cycle
To include LH, FSH, progesterone and oestrogen.
#4.2.1g
the process of fertilisation
To include the importance in restoring chromosome number and introducing genetic variation.
#4.2.1h
the use of monoclonal antibodies in pregnancy testing
No details of the production of monoclonal antibodies are required.
#4.2.1i
a consideration and evaluation of the biological and ethical issues surrounding infertility
To include the production of abnormal sperm, low sperm count and blocked vas deferens, ovulatory disorders, oviduct blockage, endometriosis and anti-sperm antibodies.
#4.2.1j
assisted reproduction
Treatments and techniques to include intrauterine insemination, IVF, intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), donor sperm insemination, surgical sperm retrieval, ovulation induction, frozen embryo replacements and gamete intra-fallopian transfer.