#3.2.2a
primary defences and non-specific defences against pathogens
Primary defences to include mucus and cilia in the respiratory tract, lysozyme in tears and stomach acid AND non-specific immune responses to include phagocytosis and inflammation.
#3.2.2b
the mode of action of phagocytes
To include the roles of cytokines, opsonins, phagosomes and lysosomes.
#3.2.2c
the different roles and modes of action of B and T lymphocytes in the specific immune response
To include clonal selection and clonal expansion, plasma cells, T helper cells, T killer cells and T regulatory cells.
#3.2.2d
the secondary immune response and the role of memory cells in long term immunity
To include T memory cells and B memory cells.
#3.2.2e
the structure and general function(s) of antibodies
To include descriptions of antibody structure from diagrams AND an outline of the action of opsonins and agglutinins.
#3.2.2f
how individuals can be tested for TB and HIV infection
To include antibody tests and antigen tests for both diseases AND the Mantoux test for TB.
#3.2.2g
the differences between active and passive immunity, and between natural and artificial immunity
To include examples of each type of immunity.
#3.2.2h
how allergies can result from hypersensitivity of the immune system
To include an outline of the sequence of events in a typical allergic response to allergens such as pollen (hay fever).