use of appropriate analogue apparatus to record a range of measurements (to include length/distance, temperature, pressure, force, angles and volume) and to interpolate between scale markings

use of appropriate digital instruments, including electrical multimeters, to obtain a range of measurements (to include time, current, voltage, resistance and mass)

use of methods to increase accuracy of measurements, such as timing over multiple oscillations, or use of fiducial marker, set square or plumb line

use of a stopwatch or light gates for timing

use of calipers and micrometers for small distances, using digital or vernier scales

correctly constructing circuits from circuit diagrams using DC power supplies, cells, and a range of circuit components, including those where polarity is important

designing, constructing and checking circuits using DC power supplies, cells, and a range of circuit components

use of a signal generator and oscilloscope, including volts/division and time-base

generating and measuring waves, using microphone and loudspeaker, or ripple tank, or vibration transducer, or microwave/radio wave source

use of a laser or light source to investigate characteristics of light, including interference and diffraction

use of ICT such as computer modelling, or data logger with a variety of sensors to collect data, or use of software to process data

use of ionising radiation, including detectors.