A-Level Physics Specification

OCR A H556

Section 4.2.2: E.m.f. and p.d

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#4.2.2a

potential difference (p.d.); the unit volt

#4.2.2b

electromotive force (e.m.f.) of a source such as a cell or a power supply

Epsilon is used as the symbol for e.m.f. to avoid confusion with E which is used for energy and electric field. The ASE guide ‘Signs symbols and systematics’ details E as the correct symbol for e.m.f. and this will be credited in all examinations.

#4.2.2c

distinction between e.m.f. and p.d. in terms of energy transfer

#4.2.2d

energy transfer; \(W = VQ\); \(W = εQ\)

#4.2.2e

energy transfer \(eV = \dfrac{1}{2}mv^2 \) for electrons and other charged particles.