describe some of the substances transported into and out of the human body in terms of the requirements of cells, including oxygen, carbon dioxide, water, dissolved food molecules and urea
describe some of the substances transported into and out of the human body in terms of the requirements of cells, including oxygen, carbon dioxide, water, dissolved food molecules and urea
explain how the partially-permeable cell membranes of animal cells are related to diffusion, osmosis and active transport
describe the human circulatory system, including its relationships with the gaseous exchange system, the digestive system and the excretory system
explain how the structure of the heart is adapted to its function, including cardiac muscle, chambers and valves
explain how the structures of arteries, veins and capillaries are adapted to their functions, including differences in the vessel walls and the presence of valves
explain how red blood cells and plasma are adapted to their functions in the blood
explain the need for exchange surfaces and a transport system in multicellular organisms in terms of surface area:volume ratio
calculate surface area:volume ratios