use chemical symbols to write the formulae of elements and simple covalent and ionic compounds
use chemical symbols to write the formulae of elements and simple covalent and ionic compounds
use the names and symbols of common elements and compounds and the principle of conservation of mass to write formulae and balanced chemical equations and half equations
use the names and symbols of common elements from a supplied Periodic Table to write formulae and balanced chemical equations where appropriate
the first 20 elements, Groups 1, 7, and 0 and other common elements included within the specification
use the formula of common ions to deduce the formula of a compound
construct balanced ionic equations
describe the physical states of products and reactants using state symbols (s, l, g and aq)
**recall and use the definitions of the Avogadro constant (in standard form) and of the mole
*the calculation of the mass of one atom/molecule
both the classical (carbon-12 based) and revised (Avogadro constant based) definitions of the mole accepted***
explain how the mass of a given substance is related to the amount of that substance in moles and vice versa
recall and use the law of conservation of mass
explain any observed changes in mass in non-enclosed systems during a chemical reaction and explain them using the particle model
deduce the stoichiometry of an equation from the masses of reactants and products and explain the effect of a limiting quantity of a reactant
use a balanced equation to calculate masses of reactants or products