the use of C–C bond formation in synthesis to increase the length of a carbon chain (see also 6.1.1d, 6.1.2b)
the use of C–C bond formation in synthesis to increase the length of a carbon chain (see also 6.1.1d, 6.1.2b)
formation of C–C≡N by reaction of:
(i) haloalkanes with CN– and ethanol, including nucleophilic substitution mechanism (see also 4.2.2c) (ii) carbonyl compounds with HCN, including nucleophilic addition mechanism (see also 6.1.2b–c)
reaction of nitriles from (b):
(i) by reduction (e.g. with H2/Ni) to form amines (ii) by acid hydrolysis to form carboxylic acids
formation of a substituted aromatic C–C by alkylation (using a haloalkane) and acylation (using an acyl chloride) in the presence of a halogen carrier (Friedel–Crafts reaction) (see also 6.1.1d).