IGCSE Physics Edexcel 4PH1

explain the difference between longitudinal and transverse waves

know the definitions of amplitude, wavefront, frequency, wavelength and period of a wave

know that waves transfer energy and information without transferring matter

know and use the relationship between the speed, frequency and wavelength of a wave:

wave speed = frequency × wavelength

$v = f × λ$

use the relationship between frequency and time period:

$\text{frequency} = \dfrac{1}{\text{time period}}$

$f = \dfrac{1}{T}$

use the above relationships in different contexts including sound waves and electromagnetic waves

explain why there is a change in the observed frequency and wavelength of a wave when its source is moving relative to an observer, and that this is known as the Doppler effect

explain that all waves can be reflected and refracted