A-Level Physics AQA 7408

Inverting amplifier configuration

Derivation of $\dfrac{V_{out}}{V_{in}} = -\dfrac{R_f}{R_{in}}$ , calculations.

Meaning of virtual earth, virtual-earth analysis.

Non-inverting amplifier configuration

$\dfrac{V_{out}}{V_{in}} = 1 + \dfrac{R_f}{R_l}$

Derivation is not required.

Summing amplifier configuration

$V_{out} = -R_f\bigg(\dfrac{V_1}{R_1} + \dfrac{V_2}{R_2} + \dfrac{V_3}{R_3} + ... \bigg)$

Difference amplifier configuration.

Derivation is not required.

$V_{out} = (V_+ - V_−)\dfrac{R_f}{R_l}$

Derivation is not required.

Real operational amplifiers

Limitations of real operational amplifiers.

Frequency response curve.

gain × bandwidth = constant for a given device.