A-Level Biology OCR B H422

2.2.1: The heart and monitoring heart function

#2.2.1a

the need for a mass transport system in mammals

$\text{Ratio} = \dfrac{\text{Surface Area}}{\text{Volume}}$

To include references to a high basal metabolic rate, being multicellular and the significance of surface area to volume ratio.

#2.2.1b

(i) the internal and external structure of the mammalian heart

PAG2

(ii) the examination, dissection and drawing of the mammalian heart

#2.2.1c

the cardiac cycle

To include the role of the valves and the pressure changes occurring in the heart and associated vessels.

#2.2.1d

how heart action is initiated and co-ordinated

To include the roles of the sino-atrial node (SAN), atrio-ventricular node (AVN), purkyne tissue and the myogenic nature of cardiac muscle (no detail on hormonal and nervous control is required at AS level but at A level this is covered in 5.3.1(b)).

#2.2.1e

practical investigation(s) into the factors affecting heart rate

To include the effect of exercise. PAG10, PAG11

#2.2.1f

the effect of heart rate on cardiac output

*To include calculations based on heart rate and stroke volume.

$\text{cardiac output} = \text{heart rate} × \text{stroke volume}$

PAG10, PAG11*

#2.2.1g

the measurement and interpretation of pulse rate, to include the generation of primary data and the use of secondary data

PAG10, PAG11

#2.2.1h

the use and interpretation of an electrocardiogram (ECG)

To include tachycardia, bradycardia, S-T elevation and fibrillation.

#2.2.1i

the emergency treatment given to a person suffering a suspected heart attack or cardiac arrest

To include the first-aid treatment for a heart attack and cardiac arrest AND the use of a defibrillator following cardiac arrest.

2.1.4

Nucleic acids

2.2.2

Transport systems in mammals

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