recall that crude oil is a main source of hydrocarbons and is a feedstock for the petrochemical industry
recall that crude oil is a main source of hydrocarbons and is a feedstock for the petrochemical industry
explain how modern life is crucially dependent upon hydrocarbons and recognise that crude oil is a finite resource
describe and explain the separation of crude oil by fractional distillation PAG3
describe the fractions of crude oil as largely a mixture of compounds of formula CnH2n+2 which are members of the alkane homologous series
use ideas about energy transfers and the relative strength of chemical bonds and intermolecular forces to explain the different temperatures at which changes of state occur
deduce the empirical formula of a compound from the relative numbers of atoms present or from a model or diagram and vice versa
use arithmetic computation and ratio when determining empirical formulae
describe the arrangement of chemical bonds in simple molecules
explain covalent bonding in terms of the sharing of electrons
construct dot and cross diagrams for simple covalent substances
represent three dimensional shapes in two dimensions and vice versa when looking at chemical structures for simple molecules
describe the limitations of dot and cross diagrams, ball and stick models and two and three dimensional representations when used to represent simple molecules
translate information between diagrammatic and numerical forms
explain how the bulk properties of simple molecules are related to the covalent bonds they contain and their bond strengths in relation to intermolecular forces
describe the production of materials that are more useful by cracking
recognise functional groups and identify members of the same homologous series
name and draw the structural formulae, using fully displayed formulae, of the first four members of the straight chain alkanes and alkenes, alcohols and carboxylic acids
predict the formulae and structures of products of reactions (combustion, addition across a double bond and oxidation of alcohols to carboxylic acids) of the first four and other given members of these homologous series
recall that it is the generality of reactions of functional groups that determine the reactions of organic compounds